What is Thermal Substitution Rate (TSR) in Cement Plants?
Formula, Calculation, Benefits, and Challenges Explained Thermal Substitution Rate (TSR) is one of the key performance indicators (KPIs) used in modern cement plants to measure the contribution of alternative fuels in the kiln firing process. With increasing fuel costs, environmental regulations, and the need to reduce CO₂ emissions, cement plants are focusing more on Alternative…